Supper Capacitors They are a two-layer capacitor that has a much higher capacity than conventional capacitors, but their tolerable voltage, known as break down voltage, is low. The capacity of super capacitors is usually more than 10 milliards and in the range of Farads, which creates new applications for them, but their price is higher compared to conventional capacitors.
Super capacitors consist of two metal plates covered with different materials (called Activated Carbon), which create more space for energy storage.
These two plates are immersed in a gel or electrolyte liquid that has positive and negative ions, which are separated if two voltages are applied to the two capacitor electrodes. Super capacitors are also called Electric Double Layer Capacitors (ELDCs).
Super capacitor with unique structure is a suitable technology for energy storage. This structure with the ability to store extremely high energy is a good candidate to replace the battery as a power supply.
The long life of these capacitors and its excellent performance in various environmental conditions are the unique features of this capacitor. These super capacitors are designed with a high number of charge and discharge times.
The super capacitor produces high energy and high efficiency with high efficiency without creating environmental pollution from the direct combination between the electrolyte capacitor and rechargeable batteries. The use of super capacitors is becoming more common in various systems and circuits.
Advantages of Super Capacitors:
1.Super capacitors have the ability to charge and discharge for hundreds of thousands of times with the least loss in performance and quality.
2.Their lifespan is high and between 10 and 20 years.
3.After 10 years of operation, their capacity increases from 100 to 80%.
4.Due to lower series resistance or ESR, their charging and discharging time is shorter.
5.They have higher power and current than conventional capacitors
6.They can withstand high temperatures or temperatures as low as minus forty degrees Celsius.
Disadvantages of Super Capacitors:
1.Their tolerable voltage is low and currently in the range of 2 to 3 volts.
2.If higher voltages are required, they must be serialized, which reduces the capacitance of the capacitor.
In series mode, because not all series capacitors have the same capacity, a control circuit must be used to charge them so that the voltage of one or more of the series capacitors does not exceed the maximum tolerable voltage of their electrolyte.
Applications of super capacitor:
Super capacitors in medical or military devices, lasers and microwaves, power supplies, security and information systems as backup storage, high power LED driver circuits, wind turbines and power grids for network stability, UPS Sensitive computers, power doors in the event of a power outage, power generation systems are used in new electric vehicles, voltage stabilizers and circuits that require capacitors with fast charging and discharging times.